Nationalism in Indo-China

 REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM AND  IT'S PEOPLE

India gained independence in 1947 but Vietnam got independent two years before that is in 1945. The Republic of Vietnam was formed after three decades of fighting. The colonial context was the main reason for the development of nationalism in Indo China. Indo China comprises the modern countries of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. The history of Indo China says that many different groups of people lives in this area under the shadow of powerful Chinese Empires. Vietnam was the main time silk route that in goods, people and ideas. The non-Vietnamese people are called the Khmer Cambodians who lived in the hinterlands.

1. THE PORT OF FIFO

(a) The Port of Fifo was founded by portuguese merchants.

(b) It was used by the European trading company much before the nineteenth century.

2. THE NUGYEN DYNASTY

(a) It was the last Vietnamese dynasty..

(b)It was preceeded by the Nguyen lords and ruled the unified Vietnamese state independently from 1802 to 1833.

(c) The Nguyen dynasty declined in 1833 and France took control over the Vietnamese state in the same year.

3. THE MEKONG RIVER

(a)There was colonial enterprise everywhere in the world where the colonisers used to explore and map the rivers.

(b)They wanted to know the route of rivers , their origin and the terrain so that it can be properly used for trade and transport.

(c)Francis Garnier a French officer was a part of the French team that explored the Mekong river.

FRANCIS  GARNIER

4. FRANCIS GARNIER

(a)Francis Garnier was commissioned by the French to try and establish a French colony in Tonkin in the north in 1873.

(b)He carried out an attack against the Nguyen dynasty in Hanoi , the capital of Tonkin but was killed by the soldiers of the Nguyen dynasty in the fight.

THE FRENCH TROOPS AND THEIR EXTENSION OF POWER

The French troops established their power over the northern region by the mid-1880s. They landed in Vietnam in 1858. In 1887, French Indo-China was formed in1887. After the Franco-Chinese war (Sino-French War, 1884 to 1885) French assumed control of Tonkin and Annam. The French became powerful in the following decades and people in Vietnam understood the loss that Vietnam was suffering. So Nationalist resistance developed in Vietnam.

HO CHI MINH

1. Ho Chi Minh ( 1890 - 1869) 

(a) His real name was Nguyen Sinh  Cung.

(b) He was born in Central Vietnam in 19 th May , 1890.

(c) He studied at French Schools that produced leaders such as Ngo Dinh Diem , Vo Nguyen Giap and Pham Van Dong.

(d) He became an active member of  the comintern ,meeting Lenin and other leaders.

(e) He finally returned to Vietnam after 30 years abroad in Europe , Thailand and China .

(f) He took the name Ho Chi Minh in 1943.

(g) He became president of the Vietnam Democratic Republic.

(h) He led the Indochinese Communist Party successfully for over 40 years , struggling to preserve Vietnamese autonomy.

(i) Ho Chi Minh died on 3rd September 1969.

2. HEROES OF THE PAST 

(a) Phan Boi Chau : He wrote a play based on the lives of Trung sisters who had fought against chinese domination in 39-43 CE.

PHAN BOI CHAU

(b)Trie Au : She was an orphan girl who lived with her brother . When she grows up, she left home, went into the jungles, organised a large army and resisted Chinese rule.

LADY TRIEU

3. VIETNAMESE LITERATURE CONTROVERSY 

 The famous novel by Nhat Linh sparked controversy because it encouraged the independence of women. A woman leaving a forced marriage and marrying someone of her choice, someone who was involved in nationalist politics.The Vietnamese society saw the arrival of new woman with this rebellion against social convention.

NHAT LINH